Why is ice melting a physical change?

In determining the boiling point of solutions, always take note of the number of ions that will dissociate in the solution. It does not depend on the nature of the substance. The greater the number of ions dissociated, the greater is the boiling point of the solution. 

At a constant temperature and pressure, liquids retain their volume of matter.

What are the properties of matter ?

Matter is defined as total mass which occupy in space, all the physical structures are composed of matter, it can be present in three basic states such as solid, liquid, and gas.

The atoms are basic unit of matter and that make up the objects which can be visible and touched every day, the amount of matter in an object can be determined by its mass.

A physical property of matter  is an independent of its chemical composition. Density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, and electrical conductivity are the examples.

Some characteristics like density, color, mass, volume, length, malleability, melting point, hardness, odor, temperature are  some properties of matter.

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Answer:

C15H24O

Explanation:

TO GET THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA, WE NEED TO KNOW THE MASSES AND CONSEQUENTLY THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF EACH OF THE INDIVIDUAL CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS.

FIRSTLY, WE CAN GET THE MASS OF THE CARBON FROM THAT OF THE CARBON IV OXIDE. WE NEED TO KNOW THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF CARBON IV OXIDE GIVEN OFF. THIS CAN BE CALCULATED BY DIVIVDING THE MASS BY THE MOLAR MASS OF CARBON IV OXIDE. THE MOLAR MASS OF CARBON IV OXIDE IS 44G/MOL

HENCE, THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF CARBON IV OXIDE IS 4.122/44 WHICH EQUALS 0.094. SINCE THERE IS ONLY ONE ATOM OF CARBON IN CO2 THEN THEY HAVE EQUAL NUMBER OF MOLES AND THUS THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF CARBON IS 0.094. WE CAN THEN PROCEED TO CALCULATE THE MASS OF CO2 PRESENT. THIS CAN BE CALCULATED BY MULTIPLYING THE NUMBER OF MOLES BY THE ATOMIC MASS UNIT. THE ATOMIC MASS UNIT OF CARBON IS 12. HENCE, THE MASS OF CO2 PRESENT IS 12 * 0.094 = 1.128g

WE CAN NOW GET THE MASS OF THE HYDROGEN BY MULTIPLYING THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF WATER BY 2 AND ALSO ITS ATOMIC MASS UNIT

TO GET THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF WATER, WE SIMPLY DIVIDE THE MASS BY THE MOLAR MASS. THE MOLAR MASS OF WATER IS 18g/mol.  The NUMBER OF MOLES IS THUS 1.350/18 = 0.075

THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF HYDROGEN IS TWICE THAT OF WATER SINCE IT CONTAINS 2 ATOMS PER MOLECULE OF WATER. ITS NUMBER OF MOLES IS THUS 0.075*2 = 0.15 MOLE

THE MASS OF HYDROGEN IS THUS 0.075 * 2 * 1 = 0.15g

WE CAN NOW FIND THE MASS OF OXYGEN BY SUBTRACTING THE MASSES OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON FROM THE TOTAL MASS.

MASS OF OXYGEN = 1.376-0.15-1.128 = 0.098g

THE NUMBER OF MOLES OF OXYGEN IS THUS 0.098/16 = 0.006125

WE CAN NOW USE THE NUMBER OF MOLES TO OBTAIN THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA.

WE DO THIS BY DIVIDING EACH BY THE SMALLEST NUMBER OF MOLES WHICH IS THAT OF THE OXYGEN.

C = 0.094/0.006125 = 15

H = 0.15/0.006125 = 24

O = 1

THE EMPIRICAL FORMULA IS THUS C15H24O

The combustion of 1.376 g of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) produced 4.122 g CO2 and 1.350 g H2O. Calculations yield an empirical formula of CH2O, indicating one carbon, two hydrogen, and one oxygen atom.

To determine the empirical formula of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), we can follow these steps:

1. **Find moles of CO2 and H2O produced:**

  \[ \text{moles of } CO_2 = \frac{\text{mass of } CO_2}{\text{molar mass of } CO_2} \]

  \[ \text{moles of } H_2O = \frac{\text{mass of } H_2O}{\text{molar mass of } H_2O} \]

2. **Find the mole ratio:**

  Divide the moles of each element (C, H, and O) in CO2 and H2O by the smallest number of moles.

3. **Write the empirical formula:**

  Use the mole ratios to write the empirical formula.

Let's perform the calculations:

\[ \text{Molar mass of } CO_2 = 12.01 \, \text{(C)} + 2 \times 16.00 \, \text{(O)} = 44.01 \, \text{g/mol} \]

\[ \text{Molar mass of } H_2O = 2 \times 1.01 \, \text{(H)} + 16.00 \, \text{(O)} = 18.02 \, \text{g/mol} \]

\[ \text{moles of } CO_2 = \frac{4.122 \, \text{g}}{44.01 \, \text{g/mol}} \approx 0.0938 \, \text{mol} \]

\[ \text{moles of } H_2O = \frac{1.350 \, \text{g}}{18.02 \, \text{g/mol}} \approx 0.0749 \, \text{mol} \]

Divide by the smallest number of moles (0.0749) to get a ratio close to 1:1:

\[ \text{C} : \text{H} : \text{O} \approx 1.25 : 1 : 1 \]

The ratio is approximately 1:1:1, so the empirical formula is CH2O.

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Answer :  The answer will be

Explanation :

Significant figures : The figures in a number which express the value -the magnitude of a quantity to a specific degree of accuracy is known as significant digits.

The rule apply for the multiplication and division is :

The least number of significant figures in any number of the problem determines the number of significant figures in the answer.

The product of

In the given expression, 2.5 has 2 significant figures and 3.5 has 2 significant figures. From this we conclude that 2 is the least significant figures in this problem. So, the answer should be in 2 significant figures.

Thus, the answer will be

the result of multiplying (2.5 × 10¹⁰) and (3.5 × 10⁻⁷) is 8.8.10³ (cause the result must have 2 significant number)

Further Explanation

Significant numbers are numbers obtained from the measurement results of exact numbers and the last number estimated

In scientific notation, all numbers are displayed before the big order is called significant numbers

the scientific notation can be described as:

a, ... x 10ⁿ

a, ... called an important number

10ⁿ is called a big order

Rules for significant numbers in general:

• 1. all non-zero numbers are significant numbers

• 2. a zero which is located between two non-zero numbers including a significant number

• 3. all zeros are located in the final row written behind the decimal point include significant number

• 4. zero decimal point is not significant number

In the question it is known that (2.5 × 10¹⁰) and (3.5 × 10⁻⁷) both have a significant number in a row 2.5 and 3.5

so that it meets the rule of significant numbers which is multiplication of 2 significant number produces numbers that have the fewest significant numbers,  So the multiplication of the two will produce 2 significant number

So that we do the significant number then proceed a big order  

• 1. Multiplication of significant number2.5 x 3.5 = 8.75

• 2. a big order   multiplication 10¹⁰ x 10⁻⁷ = 10¹⁰⁻⁷ = 10³

So the result = 8.75.10³

Because the result must have 2 significant number , the result is 8.8.10³ (8.75 we round up)

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