A pencil has density of 0.875 g/cm^3. It has a volume of 4.0 cm^3. What is the mass?

Explanation:

Sodium has atomic number of 11 with electronic configuration of :

Sodium loose it single electron to attain stability of noble gas configuration. While this process electron gets removed from the outer shell of the sodium atom and it gains positive charge of +1.

(Ionization)

Answer: The correct answer is Option 2.

Explanation:

Natural transmutation is defined as the decay process of the radioactive elements which occur spontaneously by a process that causes transmutation.

Artificial transmutation is defined as the process where artificially induced nuclear reaction is done by the bombardment of nucleus with high energy particles on a radioactive element. It is a spontaneous reaction.

Natural decay or radioactive decay are the processes in which a nucleus disintegrates spontaneously on its own. There are many processes by which this decay takes place.

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

Final answer:

Artificial transmutation is the process where an atom of an element is made radioactive by bombardment with high-energy protons. This process was exemplified by Ernest Rutherford when bombarding nitrogen atoms with alpha particles. Thus, changes in atomic structure due to high-energy proton bombardment are results of artificial transmutation.

Explanation:

The change undergone by an atom of an element made radioactive by bombardment with high-energy protons is called artificial transmutation. This is a process of nuclear chemistry, which involves the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur through the radioactive decay of a nucleus or via the reaction of a nucleus with another particle.

An example of artificial transmutation was evident in the early work of Ernest Rutherford. In 1919, he bombarded nitrogen atoms with high-speed alpha particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons resulting from the reaction. Thus, artificial transmutation is the process responsible for the alteration in atomic structure when an element becomes radioactive due to bombardment by high-energy protons.

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Answer:

A) Solution

Explanation:

Final answer:

A solution is not a pure substance, while elements, molecules, and compounds are examples of pure substances. The correct option is A.

Explanation:

The correct answer is a. solution. A solution is a mixture of two or more substances, so it is not a pure substance. Examples of solutions include saltwater and sugar water. On the other hand, elements, molecules, and compounds are all examples of pure substances. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances, such as gold or oxygen. A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds, like water (H₂O) or carbon dioxide (CO₂). Lastly, a compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together, like table salt (NaCl) or water (H₂O).

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Final answer:

The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of octane is 2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O. From the stoichiometry of the reaction, 3.50 mol of CO2 will need approximately 50g of octane.

Explanation:

The combustion of octane (C8H18) in the presence of oxygen (O2) produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: 2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O.

To calculate the mass of octane needed to release 3.50 mol CO2, we need to understand the stoichiometry of the reaction. From the balanced equation, we can see that 16 mol of CO2 is produced from 2 mol of C8H18. So, 1 mol of C8H18 produces 8 mol of CO2.

Therefore, to produce 3.50 mol of CO2, we would need 3.50/8 = 0.4375 mol of C8H18. The molar mass of octane is approximately 114 g/mol, so the required mass would be 0.4375mol x 114g/mol = approximately 50g.

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Final answer:

The combustion of octane produces carbon dioxide and water, as described by the balanced chemical equation C8H18 + 12.5O2 → 8CO2 + 9H2O. To produce 3.50 mol of CO2, approximately 50g of octane is needed.

Explanation:

The combustion of octane (C8H18) in the presence of oxygen (O2) produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: C8H18 + 12.5O2 → 8CO2 + 9H2O.

Considering the stoichiometry of the reaction, we can see that 1 mol of octane produces 8 moles of CO2. Therefore, to produce 3.50 mol of CO2, the amount of octane required would be 3.50/8 = 0.4375 mol. Converting this to mass using the molar mass of octane (114.22 g/mol), we get 0.4375 mol * 114.22 g/mol ≈ 50 g. Thus, approximately 50g of octane is needed to produce 3.50 mol of CO2.

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A dog may become frightened and cower when it hears loud thunder. This is an example of a reaction to sound stimuli. Therefore, option D is correct.

What do you mean by stimuli ?

Stimuli are changes in the internal or external environment that can be detected. That which influences or causes an increase in physiological activity or response in the entire organism or any of its parts.

Touch and pain are examples of external stimuli, as are vision, smell, taste, sound, and balance. External changes activate these sensory stimuli. Pain and touch: Pain is a stimulus that can elicit a significant response from the body. Pain can also alter an organism's behavior.

A dog may become frightened and cower when it hears loud thunder. This is an example of a reaction to sound stimuli because dogs have excellent  hearing so when it hears loud thunder it was a frightened reaction.

Thus, option D is correct.

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