Use Beneish’s earnings manipulation model to compute the probability that Enronengaged in earnings manipulation for 1998, 1999, and 2000.b. Identify the major reasons for the changes in the probability of earnings manipulationduring the three-year period.

Answers

Answer 1
Answer:

Answer:

1998, 1999, 2000:

Index value : -4.840, -4.840, -4.840

Days Receivable Index : 0.7243, 1.0546, 1.2562

Gross Margin Index : 0.5640, 0.4513, 0.2463

Asset Quality Index : 0.4293, 0.4300, 0.3116

Sales Growth Index : 1.3594, 1.1446, 2.2413

Depreciation Index : 0.1160, 0.1151, 0.0908

Selling & Admin Expense Index : 0.1962, 0.1650, -0.0716

Leverage Index : -0.2720, -0.2453, -0.3656

Total Accruals to Total Assets: -0.1491, -0.0285, -0.2709

Probability using norms-dist: 1.8% , 1.86%, 8.05%

Explanation:

Beneish's earning manipulation model is used to ascertain the probability of manipulation in the financial data. In this model ratio are calculated and then their index is identified to know an indication of possibility of fraud. In the given scenario the probability of manipulation is too high. The data is assessed through applying beneish model to understand actual financial position of the company.


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Which of the following is the location where notes can be added?
An investment has an expected return of 11 percent per year with a standard deviation of 26 percent. Assuming that the returns on this investment are at least roughly normally distributed, how often do you expect to earn less than -15 percent?
The following is a comprehensive problem which encompasses all of the elements learned in previous chapters. You can refer to the objectives for each chapter covered as a review of the concepts. Kelly Pitney began her consulting business, Kelly Consulting, on April 1, 2014. The chart of accounts for Kelly Consulting is shown below:Cash 31 Kelly Pitney, Capital 12 Accounts Receivable 32 Kelly Pitney, Drawing 14 Supplies 33 Income Summary 15 Prepaid Rent 41 Fees Earned 16 Prepaid Insurance 51 Salary Expense 52 Rent Expense 18 Office Equipment 19 Accumulated Depreciation 53 Supplies Expense 21 Accounts Payable 54 Depreciation Expense 55 Insurance Expense 22 Salaries Payable 23 Unearned Fees 59 Miscellaneous ExpenseRequired: Journalize each of the May transactions using Kelly Consulting's chart of accounts. (Do not insert the account numbers in the Post. Ref. column of the journal at this time.) For a compound transaction, if an amount box does not require an entry, leave it blank.
AirQual Test Corporation provides on-site air quality testing services. The company has provided the following cost formulas and actual results for the month of February: Fixed Component per Month Variable Component per Job Actual Total for February Revenue $280 $39,250 Technician wages $8,400 $8,250 Mobile lab operating expenses $4,800 $31 $9,290 Office expenses $2,400 $3 $2,700 Advertising expenses $1,580 $1,650 Insurance $2,870 $2,870 Miscellaneous expenses $970 $1 $425 The company uses the number of jobs as its measure of activity. For example, mobile lab operating expenses should be $4,800 plus $31 per job, and the actual mobile lab operating expenses for February were $9,290. The company expected to work 150 jobs in February, but actually worked 154 jobs.Required: Prepare a flexible budget performance report showing AirQual Test Corporation's revenue and spending variances and activity variances for February.

Yard Designs (YD) experienced the following events in 2018, its first year of operation: On October 1, 2018, YD collected $54,000 for consulting services it agreed to provide during the next 12 months. Adjusted the accounts to reflect the amount of consulting service revenue recognized in 2018. Required Based on this information alone: Record the events under an accounting equation. Prepare an income statement, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows for the 2018 accounting period. Ignoring all other future events, what is the amount of service revenue that would be recognized in 2019?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

2018 Financial Statement

Income Statement :

Amount of recognized revenue = 3/12 * $54,000

Cr Income statement $13,500

Dr Cash/ Bank Account $13,500

Balance Sheet :

Dr. Bank Account -$54,000

Cr Retained earning -$13,500

Cr Deferred Income -$40,500

Statement of Cash Flow :

Cr Operating income                                       $13,500

Cr Increase in payable(deferred income)      $40,500

Revenue to Recognize in 2019

Cr Income Statement $40,500

Dr. Deferred Income $40,500

Simba Company’s standard materials cost per unit of output is $10.00 (2.00 pounds x $5.00). During July, the company purchases and uses 3,200 pounds of materials costing $16,192 in making 1,500 units of finished product. Compute the total, price, and quantity materials variances. (Round per unit values to 2 decimal places, e.g. 52.75 and final answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 52.)

Answers

The quantitative assessment of the discrepancy between planned and actual behavior is known as variance analysis. This study is utilized to keep a corporationunder control by looking into areas where performance has been surprisingly bad.

Note:

Standard cost = SC

Actual cost = AC

Standar rate = SR

Actual rate = AR

Standard Quantity = SQ

Actual Quantity = AQ

Material Cost Varience = MCV

Material Rate Varience = MRV

Material Usage Variance = MUV

1) Computation of Material Cost Variance (MCV)

\text{MCV = SC -AC}

= 1,500 × 2 = 3,000

\text{SC = 3,000} × 5= 15,000

\text{AC ( Pounds of material costing)} = 16,192

\text{MCV} = 15,000 - 16,192

\text{MCV} = 1,192 (A)

2) Computation of Material Rate Variance (MRV)

\text{MRV = (SR-AR) AQ}

\text{AR} = 3,200

\text{SR}  = 5

\text{AR}  = (16,192)/(3200)

\text{AR} = 5.06

\text{MRV} = (5-5.06) 3,200\n\ntext{MRV} = 192 (A)

3) Computation of Material Usage Variance (MUV)

\text{MUV} = \text{ (SQ-AQ) SR)}\n\n\text{SQ} = 1,500 \text{ X } 2 = 3,000\n\n\text{MUV}  = (3,000 -3,200) \text{ X } 5

\text{MUV} = 1,000 (A)

For more information regarding variance costing sums, refer to the link:

brainly.com/question/14976139

Answer:

A)1192 A

B) 192 A

C)  1000 A

Explanation:

The Question is to Compute Simba Company's Total, Price, and Quantity materials Variances

1) Computation of material Cost Variance

= The Standard Cost - The Actual Cost of the material

= 1,500 units x 2 pounds = 3000 pounds

Standard Cost = 3,000 pounds x $5 = $15,000

Therefore material variance = $15,000 - $16,192 = 1192A

2) The material Rate Variance or the Price Variance

= (Standard Rate - Actual Rate) Actual Quantity

= Actual Rae = $16,192 / 3200 = $5.06

Material Rate Variance = (5- 5.06) x 3,200

= 192 A

3) The material Usage Variance or Quantity variance

= (The Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity) Standard Rate

Standard Quantity = 1,500 Units x 2 Pounds = 3000 pounds

Material Usage Variance = (3,000-3,200) 5

= 1000 A

A bond with a coupon rate of 5.16 percent and semiannual coupon payments matures in 12 years. The YTM is 6.37 percent. What is the effective annual yield?

Answers

Answer:

6.47%

Explanation:

The computation of effective annual yield is shown below:-

Annual YTM = 6.37%

Semiannual YTM = 6.37% ÷ 2

= 3.185%

Effective Annual Yield = (1 + Semiannual YTM)^2 - 1

= (1 + 0.03185)^2 - 1

= 1.03185^2 - 1

= 1.0647 - 1

= 0.0647

or

= 6.47%

Hence, the effective annual yield is 6.47% i.e come after applying the above formula

Firm E must choose between two alternative transactions. Transaction 1 requires a $11,100 cash outlay that would be nondeductible in the computation of taxable income. Transaction 2 requires a $15,800 cash outlay that would be a deductible expense. Determine the after-tax cost for each transaction. Assume Firm E’s marginal tax rate is 10 percent. Determine the after-tax cost for each transaction. Assume Firm E’s marginal tax rate is 30 percent.

Answers

Answer:

If the tax rate is 10% the better option is transaction 1  ($11,100 to 14,220)

IF the tax rate is 30% the better option is transaction 2 ($10,885 to 11,100)

Explanation:

We will compare the after tax cost for transaction two and check if it is better than 11,100 which will be the net cost for transaciton one

We must understad that the tax income deductible transacton provides a tax shield on the tax income, therefore his net effect is lower after considering taxes.

the rate will be think it as a discount to the pruchase price

at 10% income rate:

15,800 x ( 1 - 10% )  =   14,220

at 30% income rate

15,500 x ( 1 -  30% )  =  10,885

Aspin Corporation’s charter authorizes issuance of 2,100,000 shares of common stock. Currently, 1,400,000 shares are outstanding, and 300,000 shares are being held as treasury stock. The firm wishes to raise $44,000,000 for plant expansion. Discussions with its investment bankers indicate that the sale of new common stock will net the firm $55 per share.a.  What is the maximum number of new shares of common stock that the firm can sell without receiving further​authorization?b.  Judging on the basis of the data given and your finding in part a in part a, will the firm be able to raise the needed funds without receiving further​ authorization?c.  What must the firm do to obtain authorization to issue more than the number of shares found in part a?

Answers

Answer:

a) Maximum no. of shares that the company can issue

= Total Authorized Shares - Shares Outstanding

= 2100000 - 1400000

= 700,000

b) Number of shares to be issued to raise $44,000,000 at $55 per share

= 44,000,000 / 55

= 800,000

No, the firm would not be able to raise the needed fund.

c) The company will have to increase the number of authorized shares which would involve making amendments to its charter of incorporation. The amendments to the charter can be done only by vote of the existing shareholders.

Shamrock Company uses the gross profit method to estimate inventory for monthly reporting purposes. Presented below is information for the month of May. Inventory, May 1 $ 161,900
Purchases (gross) 697,000
Freight-in 31,400
Sales revenue 924,000
Sales returns 73,200
Purchase discounts 12,100

Compute the estimated inventory at May 31, assuming that the gross profit is 40% of net sales

Answers

Answer:

The estimated inventory at May 31 is $240,100

Explanation:

The gross profit is the difference between the sales revenue and the cost of good sold.

The gross profit percentage is the ratio of gross profit to net sales expressed as a percentage.

Net sales is the sales less returns and allowances. Similar to net sales is net purchases which is the gross purchase net the allowances and returns.

Net purchases = $697,000 - $12,100

= $684,900

Net sales = $924,000 - $73,200

= $850,800

Gross profit margin percent = gross profit/net sales

gross profit = 0.4 * $850,800

= $212,700

cost of goods sold = $850,800  - $212,700

= $638,100

The movement in the balance of inventory at the start and end of a period is as a result of sales and purchases. While sales reduces the balance in inventory, purchases increases the balance. This may be expressed mathematically as

Opening balance + purchases + freight inward - cost of goods sold = closing balance

$161,900 + $684,900  + $31,400 - $638,100  = Estimated ending inventory

Estimated ending inventory = $240,100

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