What happens when a cell reaches the Hayflick limit ? Why does this have to happen for the health of the cell?

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Answer 1

Answer:

Answer:

The Hay-flick Limit is a concept that helps to explain the mechanisms behind cellular aging. The concept states that a normal human cell can only replicate and divide forty to sixty times before it cannot divide anymore, and will break down by programmed cell death or apoptosis.

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Two species have homologous structures. What do these homologous structures show about the evolutionary relationship between the two species?
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Viruses express tissue tropism and host specificity. In particular, the avian influenza strain H5N1 has rare incidences in humans due to the reduced distribution of alpha-2,3 sialic acids in the lower respiratory tract. As a consequence, when the H5N1 strain does infect a human, the disease is very severe due to the risk of pneumonia. In contrast, human influenza strains (H1N1, among others) attach to alpha-2,6 sialic acids, which are readily expressed in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Which of the following would not be true if a mutation were to allow the H5N1 strain to attach to alpha-2,6 sialic acids?Choose one:A. The avian influenza strain could be transmitted easily from human to human.B. An epidemic would likely ensue due to the lack of immunity to the new avian influenza strain.C. The avian influenza strain could be transmitted directly from birds to humans.D. The avian influenza strain would only infect the lower respiratory tract of humans.Hint: Alpha-2,6 sialic acid is expressed throughout the human respiratory tract.
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Most ocean water is located in which zone? A. deep zone B. surface zone C. transition zone D. mixed zone

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Answer:

Deep

Explanation:

Answer:A

Explanation: CAPPING

Answer the questions.1. Can a bird have a nest?
2. Can a bird have a house?
3. Can a bird have a truck?

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1. Yes, a bird can have a nest. Birds often build nests to lay their eggs and raise their young.

2. No, a bird cannot have a house in the sense that humans do. Birds typically create nests or use natural shelter, like tree cavities, for their homes.

3. No, a bird cannot have a truck. Birds do not possess the physical or cognitive ability to own or operate vehicles like trucks.

Explain the relationship among homeostasis, defective mitochondria, and the symptoms caused by LHON.

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Answer: The Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is caused by defective genes contained in mitochondrial DNA.

Explanation:

LHON is causes the vision loss. This occurs due to mutation in the mitochondrial DNA. The symptoms are not associated vision loss thus it is difficult to predict that which member of family was the carrier of the disease. Some people do not get completely blind. A young male is expected to develop a risk of 50% development of this disease.

A researcher conducted crosses between two different strains of Drosophila. When true-breeding flies with singed bristles (s) and normal wings (L) were crossed to true-breeding flies with normal bristles (S) and vestigial wings (l), all F1 offspring had normal wings and normal bristles. The F1 offspring were crossed to flies with singed bristles and vestigial wings. Which F2 offspring is/are recombinant?

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The best way of solving this is to draw a Punnett square.

You know the F0 had one parent with singed bristles (s), and normal wings (L), and the other parent is normal bristles (S) with vestigial wings (l).

If you do the cross ssLL x SSll you'll find 100% of the offspring is F1: SsLl, this means, all of them show the dominant traits: normal wings and normal bristles.

If you cross two parents from F1 to have F2, you'll find:

SsLl x SsLl = SSLL + SslL + sSlL+ ssll = 25% SSLL,all dominant traits. 50% SsLl is a recessive trait carrier but shows dominant traits. 25% ssll this one has all recessive alleles, which means, it will show vestigial wings and signed bristles.

What is the time limit for the development of a residual condition?

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The answer is there is no specific time limit.

Residual condition refers to the condition, which remains after the end of the acute phase of an injury or illness. It can also be described as a later effect occurrence. The residual conditions may take place at any time after an illness or an acute injury.

The late effect or residual conditions may include burn, abscess, crushing injury, tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, and fracture.

Insulin is a hormone that travels through the blood to cells, triggering the cells to alter metabolic processes. insulin does not enter target cells, but instead binds to an extracellular receptor, starting a signal transduction pathway in the cell. put the steps of the signal transduction pathway in order from the circulation of insulin in the blood to the alteration of the cell\'s metabolism.

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Following are the steps of the signal transduction in order from the circulation in the blood to teh alteration of the cell's metabolism.

1. Insulin circulates in the blood.

2. Insulin combines extracellularly with the insulin receptor and stimulates receptor tyrosine kinase.

3. The receptor tyrosine kinase phosphorylates another tyrosine kinase.

4. Proteins, which comprise of a SH2 domain determine the stimulated tyrosine kinase.

5. SH2 comprising proteins are stimulated by the phosphorylated receptor tyrosine kinase.

6. Alteration of cell metabolism takes place.

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