Carbonic acid dissolves limestone and other rocks. This is an example of chemical erosion. An example is in the caves. Caves are formed where rainwater as it falls through the atmosphere absorbs carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide makes the rain acidic to react it with the limestone bedrock. The rainwater is absorbed by the soil into the ground. Then as it enters through the soil, the rainwater will absorb more carbon dioxide that is produced by the decomposers. The carbon dioxide with water reacts to form carbonic acid. The carbonic acid will react to limestone and dissolves it slowly. As the space become larger, water can enter into it.
Answer:
chemical errosion
Explanation:
By reducing food sources, harming habitats, and resulting in calcium-related problems with eggs, acid precipitation in forests has the potential to reduce the rate of bird reproduction.
Yes, acid precipitation in forests has the potential to reduce bird reproduction rates by destroying their habitats, decreasing food sources, and directly damaging eggs and chicks through calcium depletion and disturbance of aquatic feeding systems.
Acid rain can cause soil and water to become more acidic, which reduces the amount of insects and aquatic life that birds rely on for food. Additionally, the thinner eggshells brought on by calcium leaching from the soil as a result of increased acidity can reduce the success of hatching.
There is evidence to show that acid precipitation can have detrimental effects on bird reproduction in impacted locations, albeit the magnitude of the impact varies depending on the specific bird species, ecological circumstances, and the severity of the acid rain.
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(B) lattice energy
(C) kinetic energy
(D) activation energy
(E) ionization energy
Answer:
4.907 × 10^-19 J
Explanation:
The energy of the lasers in a Blu-ray player can be calculated by using;
E = hf
Where;
E = Energy of laser (J)
h = Planck's constant (6.626 × 10^-34 J/s)
f = frequency (Hz)
However, the frequency must be known first in order to calculate the energy. The frequency can be calculated using the formula:
f = v/λ
Where:
λ = wavelength (4.05x10−7 m.)
v = speed of light (3 × 10^8m/s)
f = frequency (Hz)
f = 3 × 10^8 ÷ 4.05 x 10^−7
f = 0.7407 × 10^(8 + 7)
f = 0.7407 × 10^15
f = 7.407 × 10^14 Hz
Using E = hf
E = 6.626 × 10^-34 × 7.407 × 10^14
E = 49.07 × 10^(-34 + 14)
E = 49.07 × 10^-20
E = 4.907 × 10^-19 J
b. green
water solutions have neutral pH ( ~7) so the indicator will turn green
Bromothymol blue would become green when added to water, due to water's neutral pH of around 7. This response uses pH levels and the color changes of bromothymol blue as indicators of acidity or basicity.
The color of bromothymol blue in water would be green. That's because the pH level of pure water is around 7, which falls within the range of 6 to 8 where bromothymol blue would turn green. Bromothymol blue is an indicator used in chemistry to identify pH levels by presenting different colors in solutions of different pHs: it turns yellow in solutions under pH 6, green between pH 6 to 8, and blue when the pH is above 8.
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I
H
(i) State the type of bonding in ammonia.
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6
The diagram shows 5 eletctron in the outermost shell of Nitrogen atom out of which 3 electrons are involved in the bond formation with 3Hydrogen atoms.
The type of bond in ammonia is Covalent.
Covalent bond is the bond formed by mutual Sharing of electrons by both the atoms taking part in the bond formation.
Nitrogen has 5valence electrons of which only 3 are shares with the 3 atoms of hydrogen (one electron shares with one atom of hydrogen)
Hence, type of bond in ammonia is covalent.
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Ammonia (NH3) has a covalent bonding type resulting in a tetrahedral electron-pair geometry, but because of the lone pair, the molecular structure is trigonal pyramidal. The bond angle is slightly less than 109.5⁰ due to the lone pair occupying more space.
The type of bonding in ammonia, which has a molecule structure as shown in the question, is covalent bonding. The ammonia molecule, NH3, has one lone pair and three single bonds which gives it a tetrahedral electron-pair geometry, as shown in Figure 7.18. However, because one of these regions is a lone pair that is not counted in the molecular structure, the molecule assumes a trigonal pyramidal shape.
The lone pair occupies more space than the single bonds, which leads to a slight deviation in the actual bond angles from the idealised angles. The angle in the ammonia molecule is slightly less than 109.5⁰ due to this additional electron pair's space occupancy.
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