In Rutherford’s gold foil experiment, many of the alpha particles passed straight through the gold foil, completely undeflected. What did Rutherford conclude from this observation? A. Alpha particles have a positive charge.
B. Electrons have a negative charge.
C. An atom is made up of mostly empty space.
D. There is a dense area within an atom that has a negative charge.
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Answer: C
Explanation:
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
These were his conclusions.
- Aimed beam of alpha particles at a thin piece of gold foil and found most of the particles passed through the gold foil without being scattered, except for a few particles.
- He found the volume of an atom is mostly empty space.
- He proposed there is a heavy, positively charged body at the center of each atom that contains most of the mass.
- Electrons are throughout the atom.
- Number of electrons outside the nucleus equals the number of protons in the nucleus. Atom is electrically neutral.
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Answer:
See the answer below
Explanation:
A neutralization reaction is a reaction that involves acid and base with the production of salt and water as the end products. An example is as below:
HCl + NaOH --> NaCl + H2O
The salt produced here is NaCl. In solution, NaCl will ionize as:
Hence, the salt's positive ion (Na+) was contributed by the base (NaOH) while its negative ion (Cl-) was contributed by the acid (HCl).
Final answer:
In a neutralization reaction involving Ba(OH)2 and HNO3, the salt's positive ion comes from the base and the negative ion comes from the acid. In the molecular and net ionic equations, spectator ions, which are unaltered in the process, are included and excluded respectively.
Explanation:
In a neutralization reaction, an acid and a base react to produce water and a salt. Taking the provided reaction of Ba(OH)2 (aq) + 2HNO3(aq) → Ba(NO3)2(aq) + 2H₂O(1), the salt's positive ion (Ba²+), also known as the cation, comes from the the base, Ba(OH)2. The salt's negative ion (NO3-), also known as the anion, comes from the acid, HNO3. This reaction also represents a molecular equation where all reactants and products are represented as neutral substances. A net ionic equation would exclude the spectator ions, ions whose presence is required to maintain charge neutrality but are chemically and physically unaltered by the process.
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two
three
four
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Answer: Zero lone pairs on the central atom.
Explanation:
- Lone pairs and bond pairs together decides the geometry of the molecule.
- Bond pairs together decides the shape of the molecule.
The molecule is with with tetrahedral shape which means that molecule has a tetrahedral geometry.
The value of number of electrons around the central atom with tetrahedral geometry according to VESPR theory is '4'. Which means that electrons around the central atom are 4.
Since, the molecule is in tetrahedral shape which means four bonds are pointing in direction towards the four vertices of tetrahedral which means their are zero lone pair present on the central atom.
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hope this helps!
not?
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The characteristics of the density we can find that the answer for the effect of sugar is;
- Densityincreases with increasing amount of sugar,
- The other costituents is not reaction with the sugar.
Density is the relationship between the mass and the volume of a body, this is a very useful relationship for fluid mechanics exercise.
Where ρ is the density, m the mass and V the volume
In this laboratory the liquid is possibly water since a solution is formed with the sugar, the volume of the solution does not change with the introduction of the solute (sugar), therefore the introduction of sugar creates a change in the mass of the solution.
Consequently, if the mass increases and the volume remains constant, the density should increase, possibly in a linear fashion with increasing mass.
The most important assumption is that the effect of the other ingredients of the drink is that it does not react with the sugar.
In conclusion using the density characteristics we find that the response for the sugar effect is;
- Density increases with increasing amount of sugar, assuming that there is no reaction between the sugar and the other constituents of the solution.
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Final answer:
The assumption is that other ingredients do not noticeably affect the density of the beverage, and changes in density are attributed solely to sugar content. The validity of this assumption would depend on various factors such as the densities and quantities of the other ingredients.
Explanation:
The assumption in this lab is that the other ingredients in the beverage do not significantly impact its density. This would imply that the changes in density observed are due solely to the sugar content. The validity of this assumption would depend on several factors. For instance, if the other elements are in relatively small quantities, or their densities are similar to that of the primary component (water in most beverages), the assumption may hold true. Nonetheless, it's important to point that this is an approximation, as in reality, every ingredient may contribute to the overall density.
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