A helium-filled balloon contains 130 mL of gas at a pressure of 0.97 atm. What volume will the gas occupy at standard pressure?

The fluoride ion (F-) is smaller in size than the oxide ion (O2-).

The ion with a smaller size is F- (fluoride ion) compared to O2- (oxide ion).

The size of an ion depends on the number of protons and electrons it has. Fluoride ion has one less electron than the oxide ion, making it smaller in size.

This trend can be explained by the concept of effective nuclear charge, where the positive charge of the nucleus is partially shielded by other electrons in the atom. As the atomic number increases from oxygen to fluorine, the increase in nuclear charge outweighs the additional electron-electron repulsions, resulting in a smaller size for fluoride ion.

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The correct answer is D, 2.8 M.

1) The atom absorbs energy, and one or more electrons move to a higher electron shell.

• An atom changes from a ground state to an excited state by taking on energy from its surroundings in a process called absorption.
• The electron absorbs the energy and jumps to a higher energy level.
• In the reverse process, emission, the electron returns to the ground state by releasing the extra energy it absorbed.

So all the statements except 1) are false.

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