Compare gases with liquids and solids according to the kinetic molecular theory

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Answer 1

Answer: Solids molecules are tightly held together in close bonds,they could bend or vibrate but still stay bonded. So they have little k.e Liquid molecules are much loser than solid,its bond are flexible enough to slide over eachother. So it has greater k.e compared to solid Gas molecules are the most loosed,they take the shape of the container thus its molecules moves freely colliding btw themselves and its container. So gas has the greatest k.e amongs the rest

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Which substrate, enzyme pair from the citric acid cycle is INCORRECT? A) Isocitrate, isocitrate dehydrogenase B) Succinyl CoA, succinate dehydrogenase C) Fumarate, fumarase D) Oxaloacetate, citrate synthase E) Citrate, aconitase

Answers

The substrate, enzyme pair from the citric acid cycle that is INCORRECT is E) Citrate, aconitase.

The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a crucial metabolic pathway for generating energy in cells. Each step involves specific substrates and enzymes. While all other options (A, B, C, and D) correctly match substrates and enzymes involved in the cycle, option E (Citrate, aconitase) is incorrect.

Aconitase is responsible for catalyzing the interconversion of citrate and isocitrate, not for the conversion of citrate itself. The correct pair for citrate is citrate synthase, which catalyzes the formation of citrate from oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA.

Understanding these substrate-enzyme pairs is essential in comprehending the citric acid cycle's intricacies. Accurate knowledge of these reactions aids in grasping how cells produce energy through this pathway. This emphasizes the significance of precise knowledge of biochemical pathways for an accurate understanding of cellular processes.

In the context of cellular metabolism, identifying the correct enzyme for each substrate is vital for accurate biochemical analysis and the design of targeted interventions for metabolic disorders. Among the given options, the substrate, enzyme pair that is incorrect in the citric acid cycle is Citrate, aconitase.

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Final answer:

The incorrect substrate-enzyme pair from the citric acid cycle is Oxaloacetate, citrate synthase.

Explanation:

The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of cells. It plays a crucial role in the aerobic respiration process, generating energy-rich molecules such as ATP.

The citric acid cycle involves the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Each step of the cycle is catalyzed by a specific enzyme, which acts on a particular substrate.

The correct substrate-enzyme pairs in the citric acid cycle are as follows:

Isocitrate, isocitrate dehydrogenase
Succinyl CoA, succinate dehydrogenase
Fumarate, fumarase
Oxaloacetate, citrate synthase
Citrate, aconitase

Therefore, the incorrect substrate-enzyme pair from the given options is D) Oxaloacetate, citrate synthase.

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When 2 mol of Fe(s) reacts with Cl2(g) to form FeCl3(s) according to this equation, 799 kJ of energy is evolved. Calculate ΔrHo. A) -399.5 kJ mol^-1 B) -199.75 kJ mol^-1 C) 399.5 kJ mol^-1 D) 199.75 kJ mol^-1

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A solution of ammonia and water contains 1.80×1025 water molecules and 7.00×1024 ammonia molecules. How many total hydrogen atoms are in this solution?

Answers

Answer:

6.40x10²⁵ hydrogen atoms

Explanation:

The solution contains:

1.80x10²⁵ water molecules (H₂O)
7.00x10²⁴ ammonia molecules (NH₄)

We need to calculate the total of hydrogen atoms (H) in the solution.

Each water molecule (H₂O) has 2 hydrogen atoms
Each ammonia molecule (NH₄) has 4 hydrogen atoms

Lets now calculate the number of hydrogen atoms in the solution:

total H atoms = (H atoms in water molecules) + (H atoms in ammonia molecules)

total H atoms = (2 x 1.80x10²⁵) + (4 x 7.00x10²⁴) =

total H atoms = 3.60x10²⁵ + 2.80x10²⁵ = 6.40x10²⁵

1 water molecule contains 2H atoms H atoms in 4.20*10^25 water molecules = 8.4*10^25 H atoms 1 NH3 molecule contains 3 H atoms H atoms in 6.00*10^24 NH3 atoms = 3*6.00*10^24 = 1.8*10^16 H atoms.

Total H atoms = 8.4*10^25 + 1.8*10^25 = 1.02*10^16 H atoms

Metallurgy was well known by the Guptas, as can be attested to by the copper iron steel bronze pillar of Delhi.

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The correct answer for the question that is being presented above is this one: "TRUE." Metallurgy was well known by the Guptas, as can be attested to by the copper iron steel bronze pillar of Delhi. It is true that metallurgy was well know in the areas of the Guptas.

Which ion was formed by providing the second ionization energy to remove an electron? Ca2+ N3– Fe3+ S2–

Answers

Answer:

Ca²⁺

Explanation:

Ionization energy is defined as the minimum amount of energy required to knock out the electron from valence shell of an atom in its gaseous state. While, second Ionization energy is defined as the amount of energy required to knock out the second electron from an ion containing +1 charge in gaseous state.

Among given options Ca²⁺ is the correct choice because the calcium has lost two electrons i.e. first electron was removed by providing first ionization energy i.e.

Ca + 1st IE → Ca¹⁺ + 1 e⁻

and second electron is was removed by providing second ionization energy i.e.

Ca ¹⁺ + 2nd IE → Ca²⁺ + 1 e⁻

$\boxed{{\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^{{\text{2 + }}}}}$ is formed by providing the second ionization energy to remove an electron.

Further Explanation:

The energy that is needed to remove the most loosely bound valenceelectrons from the isolated neutral gaseous atom is known as the ionization energy. It is denoted by IE. The value of IE is related to the ease of removing the outermost valence electrons. If these electrons are removed so easily, small ionization energy is required and vice-versa. It is inversely proportional to the size of the atom.

Ionization energy is further represented as first ionization, second ionization and so on. When the first electron is removed from a neutral, isolated gaseous atom, the energy needed for the purpose is known as the first ionization energy, written as ${\text{I}}{{\text{E}}_{\text{1}}}$ . Similarly, when the second electron is removed from the positively charged species (cation), the ionization energy is called the second ionization energy $\left( {{\text{I}}{{\text{E}}_{\text{2}}}} \right)$ and so on.

The neutral atom corresponding to ${\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^(2 + )}$ is calcium. If second ionization energy is supplied to calcium atom, it results in the removal of two electrons and thus ${\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^(2 + )}$ is formed. So ${\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^(2 + )}$ can be formed by providing second ionization energy. to the neutral atom.

The neutral atom corresponding to ${{\text{N}}^(3 - )}$ is nitrogen. If second ionization energy is supplied to nitrogen, it results in the formation of ${{\text{N}}^(2 + )}$ , not ${{\text{N}}^(3 - )}$ . So ${{\text{N}}^(3 - )}$ cannot be formed by providing the second ionization energy to the neutral atom.

The neutral atom corresponding to ${\text{F}}{{\text{e}}^(3 + )}$ is iron. If second ionization energy is supplied to the iron atom, it results in the formation of ${\text{F}}{{\text{e}}^(2 + )}$ , not ${\text{F}}{{\text{e}}^(3 + )}$ . So ${\text{F}}{{\text{e}}^(3 + )}$ cannot be formed by providing the second ionization energy to the neutral atom.

The neutral atom corresponding to ${{\text{S}}^(2 - )}$ is sulfur. If second ionization energy is supplied to the sulfur atom, it results in the formation of ${{\text{S}}^(2 + )}$ , not ${{\text{S}}^(2 - )}$ . So ${{\text{S}}^(2 - )}$ cannot be formed by providing the second ionization energy to the neutral atom.

Therefore, the only ion that can be formed by supplying the second ionization energy is ${\text{C}}{{\text{a}}^(2 + )}$ .

Learn more:

1. Which is the oxidation-reduction reaction:

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Periodic classification of elements

Keywords: second ionization energy, Ca2+, N3-, Fe3+, S2-, IE1, IE2, first electron, second electron, neutral atom., nitrogen, calcium, iron, sulfur.

What are the five branches of Earth Science?

Answers

Answer:

The following are the give branches of earth science

a) geology

b) oceanography

c) meteorology and climatology

d) environmental science

e) astronomy

Explanation:

a) geology: The study of earth as solid entity.

b) oceanography: study of oceans

c) meteorology and climatology: it deals with the study of atmosphere, the weather conditions, hurricanes etc, humidity, rainfall, etc.

d) environmental science: it deals with the study of environment, the impact of anthropogenic activities on environment.

e) astronomy: it is the study of outer space and the physical bodies beyond our planet, like study of moon etc.

Final answer:

Earth Science encompasses five main branches: Geology, Meteorology, Hydrology, Astronomy, and Environmental Science. Each one focuses on a specific aspect of the Earth's system and the understanding of how they interact and affect each other.

Explanation:

The Earth Science is a broad field that explores the interrelationships between physical and biological components of the Earth. It can be subdivided into five main branches:

Geology: the study of solid Earth and the processes that have shaped it over time.
Meteorology: the study of the Earth’s atmosphere, weather, and climate.
Hydrology: the study of water in all its forms (ice, water, vapor) on Earth's surface, underground and in the atmosphere.
Astronomy: the science of celestial bodies and the universe beyond Earth’s atmosphere.
Environmental Science: the study of the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment, including the impacts of humans on nature.

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