Answer: b meristematic tissue
Explanation: The apical meristematic tissue found in buds and growing tips of plant. This tissue is undifferentiated meristematic tissue.
This tissue stimulates the growth of new cells which are present at the tips of roots, shoots and buds.
Answer:Digestion in ruminant animals is a complex and highly specialized process that allows them to extract nutrients from plant material, such as cellulose and other complex carbohydrates, which are otherwise difficult to break down. Ruminants are a group of mammals that includes cattle, sheep, goats, deer, and giraffes. The key to their unique digestive system is the presence of a specialized stomach with four compartments: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum.
Explanation:
Here's a step-by-step description of how digestion occurs in ruminant animals:
Ingestion: Ruminants graze on plant material, primarily grasses and leaves, which they consume as their primary source of food.
Prehension: The food is initially ingested and mixed with saliva in the mouth. This is a mechanical process that breaks down the food into smaller pieces.
Rumen Fermentation: The ingested food then enters the first and largest compartment of the stomach, the rumen. In the rumen, microorganisms, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, break down cellulose and other complex carbohydrates present in the plant material. This fermentation process produces volatile fatty acids and other byproducts.
Regurgitation and Re-chewing: After some time, the partially digested food is regurgitated back into the mouth in the form of a cud. Ruminants then re-chew the cud to further break down the food particles and mix it with more saliva. This process is known as rumination.
Passage to the Other Compartments: Once the food is adequately broken down and fermented in the rumen, it is passed on to the reticulum, omasum, and finally to the abomasum (true stomach) in sequence.
Omasum: The omasum is responsible for reducing the size of the food particles and absorbing some of the water from the digesta.
Abomasum: The abomasum is the equivalent of a monogastric (single-chambered stomach) like that of non-ruminant animals. Here, gastric juices and digestive enzymes are secreted to further break down proteins and other substances.
Absorption: The small intestine follows the abomasum, where most of the nutrient absorption takes place. This includes the absorption of sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids.
Further Digestion: Any remaining indigestible materials, such as cellulose, continue to be broken down by microbial fermentation in the cecum and colon.
Excretion: Finally, waste products are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus.
The process of fermentation in the rumen and other compartments is crucial in extracting energy and nutrients from plant material, which would be indigestible to non-ruminant animals. Ruminants have evolved this unique digestive system to efficiently utilize fibrous plant materials as their primary food source.
Binary fission. Binary fission, asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA.