Carbon dioxide has a low boiling point because of its weak intermolecular forces (London dispersion forces) and its linear molecular structure, which results in a nonpolar molecule.
Carbon dioxide has a very low boiling point due to its intermolecular forces and molecular structure.
1. Intermolecular forces: Carbon dioxide molecules are held together by weak London dispersion forces. These forces are relatively weak compared to other intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bonding or dipole-dipole interactions. London dispersion forces result from temporary shifts in electron density, causing a temporary dipole. Since carbon dioxide has a linear molecular shape, the induced dipoles can align more easily, increasing the strength of the London dispersion forces. However, these forces are still weaker compared to other molecules with more complex structures.
2. Molecular structure: Carbon dioxide consists of one carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms. The oxygen atoms are highly electronegative, pulling the shared electrons towards themselves, resulting in a polar molecule. However, due to its linear shape, the polar bonds cancel each other out, making the molecule nonpolar overall.
These weak intermolecular forces, combined with the nonpolar nature of carbon dioxide, contribute to its low boiling point. The weak London dispersion forces between carbon dioxide molecules are easily overcome by the thermal energy of the surroundings, causing the molecules to separate and transition from the liquid to the gaseous state at a relatively low temperature. This is why carbon dioxide exists primarily as a gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
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B) metals are found on the left side of the periodic table.
C) rare earth elements are in the first column, on the left.
D) transition metals are in the center of the periodic table.
Answer: C) rare earth elements are in the first column, on the left.
Explanation:
In fact, rare earth elements are in the third column, on the left.
The periodic table of the elements is an arrangement of the chemical elements in the form of a table, ordered by their atomic number (number of protons), by their configuration of electrons and their chemical properties. It was progressively developed over time as the scientific knowledge advanced; for this reason many modifications and corrections might be done in the future.
This table is divided into rows and columns, which represent the periods and groups or families. For its location the atomic number and valence of each element was considered.
In this sense, the elements in the periodic table are mainly arranged as follows:
-Alkali metals and Alkaline Earth metals in the first two columns, on the left.
-Rare earth elements in the third column (rows 6 and 7), on the left.
-Transition metals in the center.
-Basic metals and semi-metals to the right
-Non-metals to the right (and Hidrogen in the first row and column)
-Noble gases (or inert gases) farthest to the right.
Answer: The correct answer is Option C.
Explanation:
Elements are divided into 7 Periods and 18 Groups in a periodic table.
Metals are present on the left side of the periodic table. They are present from Group 1 to Group 14 of the periodic table.
Non-metals are present on right side of the periodic table. They are present from group 15 to group 17 of the periodic table.
Inert gases are present in the farthermost right side of the periodic table. They are present in group 18.
Transition metals are present in the center of the periodic table from group 3 to group 12.
Rare earth metals are present in group 3 from the left. All the elements present in lanthanides series are considered as rare Earth metals.
Hence, the correct answer is Option C.
A dense substance that is hard and incompressible
(1) H–Br (3) H–F(2) H–Cl (4) H–I