The bottom-up approach for estimating times and costs that uses costs from past projects that were similar to the current project is known as

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Answer: template method

Explanation:

The bottom-up approach for estimating times and costs that uses costs from past projects that were similar to the current project is known as template method.

It should be noted that estimating time and cost are vital because it helps schedule work, develop needs of cash flow and show progress of a project.

Answer 2

Answer:

Final answer:

The bottom-up approach for estimating costs and times using information from similar past projects is called analogous estimating. This method, used in project management, relies on previous experience and expert judgment.

Explanation:

The method you're referring to is the analogous estimating. In project management, analogous estimating is a technique for estimating the duration or cost of an activity or a project using historical data from a similar activity or project. This bottom-up approach is most reliable when the previous activities are similar in fact and not just in appearance to the current activity. This technique relies heavily on experience, expert judgment, and the project history to predict costs and timelines for a new project.

Learn more about Analogous Estimating here:

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Suppose the price level reflects the number of dollars needed to buy a basket of goods containing one can of soda, one bag of chips, and one comic book. In year one, the basket costs $9.00. In year two, the price of the same basket is $8.00. From year one to year two, there is at an annual rate of . In year one, $72.00 will buy baskets, and in year two, $72.00 will buy baskets. This example illustrates that, as the price level falls, the value of money . rises,falls,remains the same

Answers

Answer:

From Year 1 to Year 2 : There is annual deflation 11.11%

As price falls, value of money rises

Explanation:

Given : Commodity Basket Cost = $9 in Year 1 ; Commodity Basket Cost = $8 in Year 2

From Year 1 to Year 2 : There has been fall in price level. Proportionate (%) Fall in price level = Change in Price / Old Price x 100

So, Fall in price level = [ ( 9 - 8 ) / 9] x 100 = 1/9 x 100 = 11.11%

Hence, from year 1 to year 2 : there has been 11% fall in price i.e Deflation

Considering Income = $72 :

Year 1 : It can purchase 72 / 9 = 8 commodity baskets
Year 2 : It can purchase 72 / 8 = 9 commodity baskets

So, it illustrates that : As price falls, the purchasing power of money (value of money) rises.

One year ago, a U.S. investor converted dollars to yen and purchased 100 shares of Nardasausau stock in a Japanese company at a price of 3,150 yen per share. The total purchasing cost was 315,000 yen. At the time of purchase, in the currency market 1 yen equaled $0.00952. Today, Nardasausau stock is selling at a price of 3,465 yen per share, and in the currency market $1 equals 130 yen. The stock does not pay a dividend. If the investor were to sell the stock today and convert the proceeds back to dollars, what would be his realized return on his initial dollar investment from holding Nardasausau stock?

Answers

Answer:

$242.31

Explanation:

Purchasing cost of 100 shares a year ago = 315,000 yen

Today, 1 share = 3,465 yen

100 shares = 100×3,465 yen = 346,500 yen

Proceeds = 346,500 yen - 315,000 yen = 31,500 yen

Today, $1 = 130 yen

31,500 yen = $31,500/130 = $242.31

A bank estimates that its profit next year is normally distributed with a mean of 0.8% of assets and the standard deviation of 2% of assets. How much equity (as a percentage of assets) does the company need to be (a) 99% sure that it will have a positive equity at the end of the year and (b) 99.9% sure that it will have positive equity at the end of the year

Answers

Answer:

a) 5.45%

b) 6.98%

Explanation:

We are given the following information in the question:

Mean, μ = 0.8%

Standard Deviation, σ = 2%

We are given that the distribution of profit is a bell shaped distribution that is a normal distribution.

Formula:

$z_(score) = \displaystyle(x-\mu)/(\sigma)$

a) We have to find the value of x such that the probability is 0.99

P(X < x)

$P( X < x) = P( z < \displaystyle(x - 0.8)/(2))=0.99$

Calculation the value from standard normal z table, we have,

$P(z < 2.326) = 0.99$

$\displaystyle(x - 0.8)/(2) = 2.326\n\nx = 5.452 \approx 5.45$

Thus, 5.45% of assets does the company need to be 99% sure that it will have a positive equity at the end of the year.

b) We have to find the value of x such that the probability is 0.999

P(X < x)

$P( X < x) = P( z < \displaystyle(x - 0.8)/(2))=0.999$

Calculation the value from standard normal z table, we have,

$P(z < 3.090) = 0.999$

$\displaystyle(x - 0.8)/(2) = 3.090\n\nx = 6.98$

Thus, 6.98% of assets does the company need to be 99% sure that it will have a positive equity at the end of the year.

[The following information applies to the questions displayed below.] On July 23 of the current year, Dakota Mining Co. pays $4,715,000 for land estimated to contain 5,125,000 tons of recoverable ore. It installs and pays for machinery costing $410,000 on July 25. The company removes and sells 480,000 tons of ore during its first five months of operations ending on December 31. Depreciation of the machinery is in proportion to the mine’s depletion as the machinery will be abandoned after the ore is mined. Required: Prepare entries to record the following. (Do not round your intermediate calculations. Round "Depletion per ton" to two decimal places and round all other answers to the nearest whole dollar.) (a) The purchase of the land. (b) The cost and installation of machinery. (c) The first five months' depletion assuming the land has a net salvage value of zero after the ore is mined. (d) The first five months' depreciation on the machinery.

Answers

Answer:

journal entries to make are as shown below: DAKOTA MINING CO

question 1

Date Transaction Debit credit amount

July 23 land purchase Land account $ 4,715,000

july 23 land purchase Bank $ 4,715,000

question 2

July 25 Machine cost machine account $410,000

July 25 Machine cost bank $410,000

December 31 depletion 5 months profit $441,600

December 31 depletion mine reserve $0.92/ton

December 31 Depreciation profit $441,600

December 31, depreciation land $441,600

Explanation:

Purchase of fixed asset: the asset account usually have debit balances, so you debit the asset account and credit Dakota bank account where the money was paid out. The land account and machine accout will have the purchase cost/installation cost as debit balances(entries) respectively while Dakota Mining co bank account will be credited with the respective amounts $ 4,715,000 -land purchase and $410,000- machine cost/installation.

The depletion quantity in 5 months was given. using ratio we extrapolate the depletion quantity was a full year as 1,152,000 QTY (12/5 X 480,000)

= 1,152,000 QTY the useful life of the mine is then calculated by dividing the reserve amount by the annual production of 1,152,000 = 4.448784 yrs

depreciation annually = divide cost of land by useful life = $1.059,840

5 months depreciation = 5/12 x annual depreciation = $441,600

depletion per ton is gotten as follows: divide $441,600 by 480,000 tons mined for 5 months = 0.92/ton depletion rate

Selected Income Statement Data - for the year ending December 31, 2017: Net sales $4,885,340 Cost of goods sold (2,942,353 ) Selling expenses (884,685 ) Operating income 1,058,302 Interest expense (55,240 ) Earnings before income taxes 1,003,062 Income tax expense (401,225 ) Net income $ 601,837 Selected Statement of Cash Flow Data - for the year ending December 31, 2017: Cash flows from operations $1,456,084 Capital expenditures $745,862 Wilmington Corporation's times interest earned ratio in 2017 was: A. 20.57 B. 19.16 C. 10.89 D. 18.15

Answers

Answer:

Option (b) is correct.

Explanation:

Given that,

Net sales = $4,885,340

Cost of goods sold = (2,942,353 )

Selling expenses = (884,685 )

Operating income = $1,058,302

Interest expense = $(55,240 )

Earnings before income taxes = $1,003,062

Income tax expense = $(401,225 )

Net income = $ 601,837

EBIT = Net income + Income tax expense + Interest expense

= $1,003,062 + $401,225 + $55,240

= $1,058,302

Times interest earned ratio in 2017:

= EBIT ÷ Interest expense

= $1,058,302 ÷ $55,240

= 19.1582 or 19.16

Caroline is working for a marketing firm making $60,000 per year but considers starting her own marketing company. Caroline has determined that to launch the business, she needs to invest $100,000 of her own funds. The annual cost of running the business will include $75,000 for the rent of the office space, $190,000 for employee wages, and $6,000 for materials and utilities. Caroline plans to manage the business, which means that she will have to quit her current job. Suppose that the interest rate (or rate of return) on investments in the economy is 6%.Caroline's total implicit cost per year is .

Answers

Answer:

$66,000

Explanation:

The computation of the total implicit cost per year is shown below:

= Given up salary + investment amount × interest rate on investment in the economy

= $60,000 + $100,000 × 6%

= $60,000 + $6,000

= $66,000

We simply added the given up salary and investment amount after considering the interest rate on investment so that the accurate amount could come

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