When an ionic compound such as sodium chloride (NaCl) is placed in water, the component atoms of the NaCl crystal dissociate into individual sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl-). In contrast, the atoms of covalently bonded molecules (e.g. glucose, sucrose, glycerol) do not generally dissociate when placed in aqueous solution. Which of the following solutions would be expected to contain the greatest number of solute particles (molecules or ions)?A) 1 litre of 0.5 M NaClB) 1 litre of 1.0 M NaClC) 1 litre of 1.0 M glucoseD) 1 litre of 1.0 M NaCl and 1 litre of 1.0 M glucose will contain equal numbers of solute particles.
Answers
Answer:
1 litre of 1.0 M NaCl
Explanation:
When an ionic compound dissolves in water, it dissociates into ions. Consider the dissolution of sodium chloride in water;
NaCl(s) ------> Na^+(aq) + Cl^-(aq)
Hence, two solute particles are obtained from each formula unit of NaCl, a greater concentration of NaCl will contain a greater number of sodium an chloride ion particles.
Glucose is a molecular substance and does not dissociate in solution hence it yields a lesser number of particles in solution even at the same concentration as NaCl
Final answer:
The solution with the greatest number of solute particles is 1 litre of 1.0 M NaCl, as ionic compounds dissociate into individual ions, thus providing more particles per litre.
Explanation:
Given the details of the question, the solution that would be expected to contain the greatest number of solute particles would be 1 litre of 1.0 M NaCl. This is because when ionic compounds like sodium chloride are placed in water, they dissociate into individual ions. In the case of NaCl, it splits into two ions, sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-). Thus, a 1.0 M solution of NaCl would actually contain 2.0 moles of particles per litre because each formula unit of NaCl gives two particles. Covalently bonded molecules like glucose do not dissociate in solution, therefore, a 1.0 M glucose solution would have 1.0 mole of particles per litre.
Learn more about Solute Particles in Solutions here:
#SPJ3
Related Questions
A solution of NaOH has a concentration of 25.00% by mass. What mass of NaOH is present in 0.250 g of this solution? Use the periodic table in the toolbar if needed.
When a solution of an acid reacts with a solution of a base, hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions to form?
In compliance with conservation of energy, Einstein explained that in the photoelectric effect, the energy of a photon (hv) absorbed by a metal is the sum of the work function (Φ), the minimum energy needed to dislodge an electron from the metal’s surface, and the kinetic energy (Ek) of the electron: hv = Φ + Ek. When light of wavelength 358.1 nm falls on the surface of potassium metal, the speed (u) of the dislodged electron is 6.40 x 10⁵ m7s. (a) What is Ek (½mu²) of the dislodged electron? (b) What is Φ (in J) of potassium?
The value of delta for the [C_rF_6]^3- complex is 182 kJ/mol. Calculate the expected wavelength of the absorption corresponding to promotion of an electron from the lower-energy to the higher-energy of orbital set in this complex. (Remember to divide by Avogadro's number.) Should the complex absorb in the visible range?
Answers
Final answer:
The range of radii of most atoms is typically in the nanometer scale (nm) and can be measured using the covalent radius. The size of an atom's nucleus is much smaller than the atom itself. The Bohr model provides a formula to calculate the radius of hydrogen-like atoms.
Explanation:
The range of radii of most atoms is typically in the nanometer scale (nm). The covalent radius, which is defined as half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms when they are joined by a covalent bond, provides a practical way to measure the size of atoms. As we move down a group in the periodic table, the covalent radius generally increases, indicating a larger size of the atom. For example, the covalent radius of the halogens increases as we move from fluorine to iodine.
The size of an atom's nucleus, on the other hand, is much smaller than the atom itself. The nucleus has a diameter of about 10-15 meters, while the typical atom has a diameter of the order of 10-10 meters. This difference in size illustrates the emptiness of atoms, with the distance from the nucleus to the electrons being typically 100,000 times the size of the nucleus.
The Bohr model provides a formula to calculate the radius of hydrogen-like atoms, which depends on the principal quantum number (n) and the atomic number (Z). The calculated radii of the orbits of the hydrogen atom have been experimentally verified to have a diameter of a hydrogen atom.
Learn more about Atomic Radii here:
#SPJ12
Final answer:
The range of radii of most atoms is typically measured in nanometers (nm). Covalent radius and hydrogen-like orbits are two methods used to estimate the size of atoms. The size of an atom can vary depending on the element and measurement technique, but most atoms have radii on the order of nanometers (nm).
Explanation:
The range of radii of most atoms is typically measured in nanometers (nm). The size of an atom can be estimated using various techniques. One commonly used measure is the covalent radius, which is defined as one-half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms when they are joined by a covalent bond. The covalent radii of different elements can be found in tables and can vary depending on the element and its position in the periodic table.
Another way to estimate the size of atoms is by looking at the sizes of their orbits in hydrogen-like atoms. These orbits are given in terms of their radii by a mathematical expression that includes a constant called the Bohr radius, which is approximately 5.292 × 10-11 m.
Overall, the size of an atom can vary depending on the element and the specific measurement technique used, but most atoms have radii on the order of nanometers (nm).
Learn more about Sizes of Atoms here:
#SPJ12
Answers
Answer:
Acceleration
Explanation:
Acceleration =
Answers
Explanation:
Colloidal solutions, or colloidal suspensions, are nothing but a mixture in which the substances are regularly suspended in a fluid. ... Colloidal systems can occur in any of the three key states of matter gas, liquid or solid. However, a colloidal solution usually refers to a liquid concoction.
Answer:
Colloidal solutions, or colloidal suspensions, are nothing but a mixture in which the substances are regularly suspended in a fluid.
Answers
Answer:
To obtain the pH of 8.0, the concentration of NaOCl needs to be 0.9 M in the 0.3 M HOCl solution
Explanation:
This problem can be solved by Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which gives relation between the concentration of acid, its salt, pKa and the pH of the solution. This equation is given as,
By placing the known variables in the above equation we get,
The above calculations show that the required concentration of NaOCl is 0.9 M.
Answers
Answer :
(a) The repeat unit is, styrene
(b) The number-average molecular weight is, 2392000 g/mol
Explanation :
First we have to calculate the repeat unit molecular weight of polystyrene.
As, the repeat unit is, styrene having chemical formula
Molecular weight of repeat unit = 8 × C + 8 × H
Molecular weight of repeat unit = 8 × 12 g/mol + 8 × 1 g/mol
Molecular weight of repeat unit = 104 g/mol
Now we have to calculate the number-average molecular weight.
Number-average molecular weight = Average repeat molecular weight × Degree of polymerization
Number-average molecular weight = (104 g/mol) × (23000)
Number-average molecular weight = 2392000 g/mol
Thus, the number-average molecular weight is, 2392000 g/mol
Final answer:
The repeat unit molecular weight of polystyrene is 104.15 g/mol. The average molecular weight of polystyrene with a polymerization degree of 23000 is approximately 2,395,450 g/mol.
Explanation:
To answer this question, we first need to understand that the repeating unit in polystyrene is the styrene monomer, which is C8H8. The molecular weight of this unit can be calculated by adding up the atomic weights of all the atoms in the monomer. The atomic weights of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and styrene-based on the periodic table are approximately 12.01 amu, 1.01 amu, and 104.15 g/mol respectively. This gives a total of 104.15 g/mol for the repeat unit molecular weight of polystyrene.
Given that the degree of polymerization is 23000, we can calculate the number-average molecular weight by multiplying the repeat unit molecular weight (104.15 g/mol) by the degree of polymerization (23000). This gives a total of approximately 2,395,450 g/mol for the number-average molecular weight.
Learn more about Molecular Weight here:
#SPJ3
iron (III) nitrite
iron (II) nitrite
iron (1) nitrite
Answers
Final answer:
The name of the ionic compound Fe(NO2)2 is iron (II) nitrite.
Explanation:
The name of the ionic compound Fe(NO2)2 is iron (II) nitrite.