Why do natural systems like the water in a pond rarely reach thermal equilibrium?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Final answer:

Natural systems like water in a pond rarely reach thermal equilibrium due to temperature differences and energy transfer limitations.

Explanation:

Natural systems like the water in a pond rarely reach thermal equilibrium due to various factors.

One reason is the presence of temperature differences in different parts of the pond. For example, during the summer, the upper layer of water is warmed by the Sun and doesn't mix with deeper, cooler water, causing thermal stratification.
Another reason is that energy transfer by heat requires a temperature difference. Once the two masses of water in the pond are mixed, there is no more temperature difference left to drive energy transfer by heat and do work.

These factors prevent the pond from reaching thermal equilibrium.

Learn more about thermal equilibrium here:

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Which statement must be true for any chemical reaction at equilibrium?(1) The concentration of the products is greater than the concentration of the reactants.
(2) The concentration of the products is less than the concentration of the reactants.
(3) The concentration of the products and the concentration of the reactants are equal.
(4) The concentration of the products and the concentration of the reactants are constant.

Answers

The correct answer is 3. The concentration of the product and the concentration of the reactants are equal. That is because matter cannot be created or destroyed and the product cannot randomly become something else in the reaction, nor can a reactant change into something different. Simply put, you cannot turn things like water into gold because there will always be an equilibrium.

Answer:

Answer is 4 The concentration of the products and the concentration of the reactants are constant.

Explanation:

How many grams of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) must be added to 1,500 mL of water to produce a concentration of 1.33 m (molal solution)? (Recall that the density of water is 1.0 gram/mL.)

Answers

Given:

1,500 mL of water

1.33 m (molal solution

Required:

grams of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2

solution:

1.33 molal = 1.33 m = 1.33 moles H2O2/kg water

1 gram/liter of water (1 liter/1000 mL) (1500mL)(1 kg/1000g) = 0.0015 kg water

1.33 moles H2O2/kg water (0.0015 kg water) = 0.001995 moles H2O2

Molar mass of H2O2 = 34 g/mol

0.001995 moles H2O2 (34 g/mol) = 0.068 grams H2O2

A laboratory requires 2.0 L of a 1.5 M solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl), but the only available HCl is a 12.0 M stock solution. How could you prepare the solution needed for the lab experiment? show all work to find your answer

Answers

Answer: The volume of stock HCl solution required to make laboratory solution will be 0.25L

Explanation:

To calculate the volume of stock solution required to make the laboratory solution, we use the equation:

$M_1V_1=M_2V_2$

where,

$M_1\text{ and }V_1$ are the molarity and volume of stock solution.

$M_2\text{ and }V_2$ are the molarity and volume of laboratory solution.

We are given:

$M_1=12M\nV_1=?L\nM_2=1.5M\nV_2=2L$

Putting values in above equation, we get:

$12* V_1=1.5* 2\n\nV_1=0.25L$

Hence, the volume of stock HCl solution required to make laboratory solution will be 0.25L

The amount of the solute is constant during dilution. So the mole number of HCl is 2*1.5=3 mole. The volume of HCl stock is 3/12=0.25 L. So using 0.25 L stock solution and dilute to 2.0 L.

The temperature T in Kelvin is 273.15 more than temperature C in degrees Celsius. Use your function to find the equivalent temperature in Kelvin for 100*C.

Answers

Answer:

T(K) = 373.15 K

Explanation:

The kelvin is the base unit of temperature in the International System of Units (SI). The symbol used to express temperature in kelvins is K.

The temperature of zero kelvins is called the absolute zero. It is considered to be the lowest possible temperature, although nothing has reached it. The absolute zero (0K) is - 273.15 degrees Celsius.

This is the equation we can use to solve this question:

$T(K) = T(C) + 273.15$

We have 100*C.

$T(C) = 100 C$

$T(K) = 100C + 273.15$

$T(K) = 373.15 K$

ZnS has two common polymorphs: Sphalerite and Wurtzite. Based on the analysis of Medelung constants alone, predict which polymorph should be more stable. Assume that the Zn-S distances in the two polymorphs are identical.

Answers

Answer:

Wurzite has a higher Madelung constant when compared with Sphalerite therefore Wurizite is more stable.

Explanation:

Zinc Sulphide is a chemical compound that exhibits polymorphism. This means Zinc Sulphide can exists in different forms as a compound. Zinc Sulphide has two common polymorphs named; Wurtzite and Sphalerite .

This two polymorphs are crystalline in structure. Wurtzite is hexagonal in shape while Sphalerite is cubic in shape.

Madelung constant was named after German Physicist Erwin Madelung. Madelung constant is dependent on the the way ions are arranged in a solid substance or molecule. It is used to calculate the amount of energy required to move an ion from one point to the another in a crystal substance.

Madelung constant for Wurtzite is 1.64132 and for Sphalerite is 1.63806. Due to the fact that Wurtzite has a slightly higher Madelung constant that Sphalerite, it tends to be more stable than Sphalerite.

Which type of bond will most likely be found in HBr?

Answers

HBr is covalent bond.!

Hydrogen and Bromine will share their electrons, to obtain the electron configuration of a noble gas.

hope this helps!

HBr is covalent bond

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