CHEMISTRY HIGH SCHOOL

Name three acids and three bases and a list an industrial or household use of each

Answers

Answer 1
Answer: Acid: Lemon, vinegar, grapefruits
Base: Soap, oven cleaner, ammonia
The bases are cleaners, and the acids are fruits, bases have a bitter taste, and acids have a sour taste. Hope this helps!
Answer 2
Answer: Three acids
Sulfuric Acid
Hydroflouric Acid
Phosphoric Acid

Three bases
Sodium Hydroxide
Calcium Hydroxide
Potassium Hydroxide

Sulfuric Acid is used as a catalyst in the alkalation reaction section. The alkalation unit in a refinery produces alkylate which is used to give distilled raw gasoline a higher octane rating.

Hydroflouric Acid is also used in a different type of alkalation unit which is currently being phased out due to Hydroflouric Acid dangerous nature.

Phosphoric Acid is used in industrial cooling towers to aid in controlling scale inside piping in cooling water systems.

Sodium Hydroxide is also used in crude oil refinery settings to aid in neutralizing low pH systems in the refinery process .

Calcium hydroxide is used to eliminate moisture in propane systems in the alkalation process.

Potassium hydroxide is used to clean refinery vessel used in the crude refining process.

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If the volume and moles of a container are held constant, the temperature of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure. TRUE
FALSE

Answers

Answer:

FALSE

Explanation:

Assuming that the gas is ideal

Therefore the gas obeys the ideal gas equation

Ideal gas equation is

P × V = n × R × T

where

P is the pressure exerted by the gas

V is the volume occupied by the gas

n is the number of moles of the gas

R is the ideal gas constant

T is the temperature of the gas

Here volume of the gas will be the volume of the container

Given the volume of the container and number of moles of the gas are constant

As R will also be constant, the pressure of the gas will be directly proportional to the temperature of the gas

P ∝ T

∴ Pressure will be directly proportional to the temperature

Why do the elements at the bottom of the periodic table have lower ionization energies than their group/family partners at the top of the periodic table?

Answers

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove the losely bounded electron from an isolated gaseous atom of an element, so if an electron is more attracted towards nucleus it will require higher energy. On increasing size of an atom the electrons fall distant from the nucleus and will observe less effective nuclear energy hence less amount of energy will be required to remove them.

On moving down the group, the size of elements increases hence effective nuclear charge will decrease thus ionization energy will decrease.

Elements at the bottom of the periodic table have lower ionization energies compared to their group or family partners at the top of the periodic table because, they have more energy levels.  

Ionization energy decreases down the group as less energy is required to remove outer most electrons as energy levels increases.

Further Explanation

Ionization energy

  • Ionization energy is the energy required to remove outermost electrons from the outermost energy level. Energy is required to remove an electron from an atom.
  • The closer an electron is to the nucleus the more energy is required, since the electron is more tightly bound to the atom thus making it more difficult to remove, hence higher ionization energy.
  • Ionization energy increases across the periods and decreases down the group from top to bottom.  
  • Additionally, the ionization energy increases with subsequent removal of a second or a third electron.

First ionization energy  

  • This is the energy required to remove the first electron from the outermost energy level of an atom.
  • Energy needed to remove the second electron to form a divalent cation is called the second ionization energy.

Trend in ionization energy  

1. Down the group (top to bottom)

  • Ionization energy decreases down the groups in the periodic table from top to bottom.
  • It is because as you move down the group the number of energy levels increases making the outermost electrons get further from the nucleus reducing the strength of attraction to the nucleus.
  • This means less energy will be required compared to an atoms of elements at the top of the groups.

2. Across the period  (left to right)

  • Ionization energy increases across the period from left to right.
  • This can be explained by an increase in nuclear energy as extra protons are added to the nucleus across the period increasing the strength of attraction of electrons to the nucleus.
  • Consequently, more energy is needed to remove electrons from the nucleus.

Keywords: Ionization energy, periodic table, energy levels, electrons

Learn more about

Level: High school  

Subject: Chemistry  

Topic: Periodic table and chemical families  

Sub-topic: Ionization energy

Under which conditions of temperature and pressure would a sample of H2(g) behave most like an ideal gas?(1) 0°C and 100 kPa
(2) 0°C and 300 kPa
(3) 150°C and 100 kPa
(4) 150°C and 300 kPa

Answers

3). 150°C and 100 kPa


Gases behave ideally at high temperatures and low pressures (less intermolecular forces)

Which is the noble-gas notation for lead (Pb)?[Rn]6s24f145d106p2

[Rn]6s25d106p2

[Xe]6s24f145d106p2

[Xe]6s25d106p2

Answers

I believe the correct answer from the choices listed above is the third option. The noble-gas notation for lead (Pb) would be [Xe]6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^2. The standard electron configuration of lead is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^2 simplifying will lead to the part having the same configuration as xenon to be written as [Xe].

Answer:

[Xe]6s24f145d106p2

Explanation:

jus took the quiz:)

Which element is found in nature only in compounds? A. sodium B. helium C. oxygen D. nitrogen

Answers

Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

A compound is a substance which contains two or more different atoms combined together.

Sodium is found as sodium chloride in nature. Sodium chloride is also known as common salt.

As it contains a sodium atom combined to a chlorine atom, therefore, it is a compound.

Thus, we can conclude that sodium is the element that is found in nature only in compounds.
The element found in nature only in compounds is Sodium

Which type of bond is found between atoms of solid cobalt?(1) nonpolar covalent (2) polar covalent (3) metallic (4) Ionic

Answers

The answer is (3) metallic. Cobalt is a transition metal, so it can't be covalent bonds, which bond non-metals, therefore eliminating choice 1 and 2. Ionic bonds are between metals and non metals, but solid cobalt does not have a non metal, eliminating choice 4 as well. Metallic bonds are bonds between metals, therefore the answer is (3) metallic.
I believe the answer is (3) metallic. Hope it helped! :)
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