The Bessemer process created strong, lightweight (1 point)steel.
oil.
iron.
coal.

Answer:

             The cation is smaller.

Explanation:

                    Electronic configuration of Lithium atom is as follow,

                                                          Li =  1s², 2s¹

while, Electronic configuration of Lithium cation is as follow,

                                                         Li⁺  =  1s²

The Lithium Cation is smaller because,

i)   Less Energy Levels:

                                     As depicted in electronic configurations, the valence shell of Li atom is 2 while, that of Li cation is 1 as a result the distance of valence electrons and nucleus has decreased resulting in small size.

ii)   Less Shielding Effect:

                                        The effect in which the core electrons shield the valence electron from nucleus pull is known as shielding effect. In Li cation there are no core electrons hence, the electrons are more attracted towards proton resulting in small size.

iii)   More Nuclear Charge:

                                       In Li atom there are three protons and three electrons so, three protons attract three electrons and the game run some what balance. But, as tone electron is lost in Li Cation, the proton side gets stronger and apply more pull on electrons and made them more closer to the nucleus resulting in size decrease.

The correct statement is: The cation is smaller.

In a neutral lithium atom, there are three electrons surrounding the nucleus, distributed in different energy levels or electron shells. These electrons repel each other due to their negative charges, creating an electron-electron repulsion that tends to spread them out and increase the size of the atom.

When a lithium atom loses one electron to form a cation, it becomes positively charged. This loss of an electron reduces the electron-electron repulsion within the atom. With fewer electrons, the remaining electrons experience a stronger attraction towards the nucleus, since the positive charge of the nucleus is no longer balanced by the negative charge of the lost electron.

As a result, the remaining electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus in the lithium cation. The reduction in electron-electron repulsion and the increased attraction between the electrons and the nucleus cause the cation to have a smaller size compared to the neutral atom.

Hence, the lithium cation (Li⁺) is smaller than the lithium atom (Li)

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Answer:

-196 kJ

Explanation:

By the Hess' Law, the enthalpy of a global reaction is the sum of the enthalpies of the steps reactions. If the reaction is multiplied by a constant, the value of the enthalpy must be multiplied by the same constant, and if the reaction is inverted, the signal of the enthalpy must be inverted too.

2S(s) + 3O₂(g) → 2SO₃(g)  ΔH = -790 kJ

S(s) + O₂(g) → SO₂(g)         ΔH = -297 kJ (inverted and multiplied by 2)

2S(s) + 3O₂(g) → 2SO₃(g)  ΔH = -790 kJ

2SO₂(g) → 2S(s) + 2O₂(g)   ΔH = +594 kJ

-------------------------------------------------------------

2S(s) + 3O₂(g) + 2SO₂(g) → 2SO₃(g) + 2S(s) + 2O₂(g)

Simplifing the compounds that are in both sides (bolded):

2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2SO₃(g) ΔH = -790 + 594 = -196 kJ

Final answer:

The enthalpy of the reaction where sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide is -395 kJ.

Explanation:

The calculation of the enthalpy change of the reaction in which sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide involves Hess's Law, which states that the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction is the same whether it takes place in one step or several steps. This can be solved by comparing the enthalpy changes given in the two reactions presented.

First, consider the reactions given:

2S(s) + 3O₂(g) → 2SO₃(g), ΔH = -790 kJ

S(s) + O₂(g) → SO₂(g), ΔH = -297 kJ

From these reactions, it is seen that the first reaction can be re-written as:

2SO₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2SO₃(g), ΔH = -790 kJ

However, this reaction contains two moles of SO₂ whereas the reaction in question only requires one mole. Thus, the enthalpy change for the reaction becomes: ΔH = -790 KJ / 2 = -395 kJ.

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Answer: A solid-state component with three layers of semiconductors is a transistor.

Explanation:

A device with the help of which current or voltage is regulated and for electronic signals it acts as a switch or gate is known as a transistor.

A transistor has three layers of semiconductors. Each of these layers are capable of carrying current.

Thus, we can conclude that a solid-state component with three layers of semiconductors is a transistor.

Answer : The temperature will be, 150 K

Explanation :

Charles' Law : This law states that volume of gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure and number of moles.

    (At constant pressure and number of moles)

or,

where,

= initial volume of gas = 2.0 L

= final volume of gas = 1.0 L

= initial temperature of gas = 300 K

= final temperature of gas = ?

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get the final temperature of gas.

Therefore, the temperature will be, 150 K

Answer: When you overmix the muffin batter, it crushes the air bubbles and ruins the fluffy texture.

Explanation: → Follow this tip: To ensure a batch of light, fluffy muffins, mix the dry ingredients with the wet ingredients until just barely combined, and no more dry flour is visible.