Water helps in maintaining temperature in cells due to its high heat capacity. This property allows water to absorb or release a large amount of heat without significantly changing its own temperature. As such, cells can keep a stable temperature despite environmental changes.
Water has a high heat capacity, which is the amount of heat it takes to change its temperature. Due to this high heat capacity, it can absorb or release a large amount of heat without a significant change in its own temperature. This helps cells maintain a relatively stable temperature and protect biological processes. For instance, when the external environment is hot, cells can avoid getting overheated as the water in them absorbs and distributes the heat evenly. Similarly, if the environment is cold, the water in the cells releases heat which helps to keep them warm. Hence, regardless of the temperature changes in the environment, the high heat capacity of water aids cells in preserving a relatively even temperature.
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Democritus, an ancient Greek philosopher who lived around 460-370 BCE, made significant contributions to the early development of the atomic theory.
His ideas laid the foundation for the later development of modern atomic theory. Here's how Democritus contributed to the atomic theory and the structure of the atom:
Concept of Indivisible Atoms: Democritus proposed that everything in the physical world was made up of tiny, indivisible particles called "atoms." The word "atom" itself is derived from the Greek word "atomos," which means "indivisible" or "uncuttable." Democritus believed that atoms were the fundamental building blocks of matter and that they could not be divided into smaller parts.
Various Shapes and Sizes: Democritus suggested that atoms could vary in shape and size. He proposed that different substances were composed of atoms with different shapes, which explained the diversity of matter in the universe.
Empty Space: Democritus also introduced the idea of "void" or empty space between atoms. He believed that atoms were in constant motion and that the void allowed for this motion.
Lack of Experimental Evidence: It's important to note that while Democritus made these philosophical speculations about atoms, he did not provide any experimental evidence to support his ideas. His atomic theory was largely based on reasoning and thought experiments rather than empirical data.
Democritus' atomic ideas were influential, but they were largely overshadowed by the more prominent theories of his contemporary, Aristotle, which emphasized the existence of four fundamental elements (earth, water, air, and fire). It wasn't until much later, in the 19th century, that John Dalton and others developed the modern atomic theory, which incorporated experimental evidence and refined our understanding of atoms as the smallest units of matter that retain the properties of chemical elements.
Democritus contributed to the atomic theory by proposing the concept of indivisible atoms as the fundamental building blocks of matter, but his ideas lacked experimental support and were not widely accepted in his time.
Answer: Organic molecules
Explanation:
During carbon fixation, the carbon atoms in carbon dioxide are rearranged into organic molecules such as glucose through a series of enzymatic reactions.
In carbon fixation, carbon atoms from CO2 are rearranged into three-carbon molecules or 3-carbon organic compounds. This happens in photosynthesis' Calvin cycle, facilitated by the enzyme RuBisCO.
During carbon fixation, the carbon atoms in carbon dioxide are rearranged into more complex molecules known as three-carbon molecules or 3-carbon organic compounds. This process occurs during the first stage of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis. The enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide (CO2) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) to create two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate, a 3-carbon organic compound.
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Which compound could be represented by X?
(1) CH (3) C3H8
(2) C2H4 (4) C4H10
The organic compound X in the given reaction is ethylene, C₂H₄. The two chlorine atoms are joined to the double bond of ethylene and form C₂H₄Cl₂. Hence, option 2 is correct.
Halogenation is the electrophilic addition of any halogen atom such as Cl. F etc. to an organic compound mostly in the presence of acids. Halogens are more reactive towards alkenes and alkynes.
The unsaturated centers in the organic compound are electron deficient and they attract negative halogen ions forming respective halides. Ethylene is the primary alkene with the skeleton CH₂ =CH₂.
The incoming Cl groups attack the double bond and joins the carbon atom to form CH₂Cl - CH₂Cl or C₂H₄Cl₂. Hence, the compound X in the given reaction is C₂H₄Cl₂. Thus, option 2 is correct.
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b. no energy is destroyed in the process.
c. energy is created in the process.
d. some amount of energy cannot be accounted for.
Energy of a system is conserved always but it can be converted to other forms . By this conversion no energy is destroying or creating. Thus, option b is correct.
What law of conservation of energy?
According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. However, it can be transformed into other forms. For instance, in light bulb, electrical energy is converting to light energy and heat energy.
Similarly, in fan and motors, electrical energy is converting to mechanical energy and in thermal power plants, thermal energy is converting to electrical energy.
In all of these cases, no amount of energy is destroying or creating. The already existing energy is transforming to various other forms.
Similarly when tow objects in contact exchange energy by mixing or any force, the energy lost from a system will be equal to the energy gained by the second system. Therefore, the total energy is conserved.
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The law of conservation of energy states that when one form of energy is converted into another, no energy is destroyed in the process. The answer is letter B. Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be converted from one form into the other.